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Mountain swiftlet
The mountain swiftlet (''Aerodramus hirundinaceus'') is a species of swift in the family Apodidae. It is endemic to the island of New Guinea and the nearby islands of Karkar, Yapen and Goodenough. It was once placed in the genus ''Collocalia'' but has been moved, with many others, to ''Aerodramus''. The species is divided into three subspecies,〔(ITIS standard report page for ''Aerodramus'' )〕 with the nominate, ''A. h. hirundinacea'' ranging over most of New Guinea, the subspecies ''A. h. excelsus'' occurring over 1600 m in the Snow Mountains and Cartenz peaks of Irian Jaya and ''A. h. baru'' being restricted to Yapen Island.〔Chantler, P. (1999) "Family Apodidae (Swifts) ''in'' del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors). (1999). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 5: Barn-Owls to Hummingbirds.'' Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-25-3 P. 428.〕 It occurs in alpine areas from 500 m to the treeline. Its natural habitat is tropical moist montane forests and other mountainous habitats in New Guinea. It also occurs in lower numbers in the lowlands near hills.
The mountain swiftlet is a medium-sized swiftlet, 11–13 cm long. It has dark brown upperparts and paler grey undersides. The tail is slightly forked. The subspecies vary slightly from the nominate race, ''A. h. baru'' has browner underparts and darker upperparts, while ''A. h. excelsus'' is larger than the nominate race. Like other members of the genus this species is able to echolocate, a trait it uses to navigate itself in the caves it breeds in.
Like the rest of its genus it breeds in caves, constructing nests of vegetation such as ferns, rootlets and grasses, or lichens, held together with saliva.〔Tarburton, Michael K. (2003) "The breeding biology of the Mountain Swiftlet, ''Aerodramus hirundinaceus'', in Irian Jaya" ''Emu'' 103 (2): 177 - 182 〕 They are colonial, but the caves examined so far do not suggest that they nest densely. The peak of the breeding season is October through to December, but there are occupied nests through most of the year. The clutch size is a single egg for this species. The nestling period, between 57–74 days, is one of the longer chick raising periods of any swifts. This is counteracted by a comparatively high breeding success rate, with 61% of mountain swiftlets successfully raising chicks.〔
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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